Pollution and Environment Essay - We Must Find a Balance...

We Must Find a Balance Between Man and Nature Americas beauty is truly unmatched by anything I have seen! I thought with excitement and ecstasy when I first witnessed the splendor of American landscape. The majestic forests and azure lakes have surpassed the stories I heard while growing up. However, a puzzling sight hampered my sense of admiration when I arrived in New Mexico. Though the steppe around me was untouched, No Littering and Save the Earth signs seemed to be everywhere. It puzzled me why so much effort was put into preserving a land already pristine. At the time, I knew only of the splendor of American landscape and felt that it was only natural for people to preserve the pervasive gem I had witnessed. Gradually, I†¦show more content†¦Albert Einstein once said, It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity. With the rapid evolution in technology today, humans have not always considered the concatenate effects of the new inventions. The creation of the steam engine, the utilization of fossil fuel, and the production of chlorofluorocarbons have all aided humanity but have also caused deterioration to the environment. It is unfortunate that most inventions arrive with adverse effects, but it is a problem that humanity must conquer. Perhaps it is the mistakes of the past that fuel for the desire to preserve the present. Numerous citizens have realized that nature provides us with a multitude of physical and emotional support difficult to find elsewhere. The awe-inspiring Yellowstone National Park is a prime example of a positive human intervention and a supreme triumph for conservationists. This grand sanctuary for endangered animals not only provides scientists with insight into the future of human evolution, but it also furnishes priceless assets such as the golden, spirit-enlightening sunsets and the sweet, rejuvenating aroma of coniferous trees. Despite the cost of conservation and maintenance, keeping a portion of the world free from our direct influence brings gratification to many people and is well worth the effort. Yet the line between preservation and human expansion should be drawn at natural reserves. Nature should only be safeguarded whenShow MoreRelatedOptimal Levels of Pollution2667 Words   |  11 PagesOptimal Levels of Pollution Using the words â€Å"optimal† and â€Å"pollution† in the same sentence may appear daunting to many, however when the notion of an â€Å"optimal level of pollution† is fully explained, it appears more logical and applicable to our current global pollution problem. In his book, â€Å"People or Penguins: The Case for Optimal Pollution†, William Baxter makes several astounding points which lead us to the conclusion that zero pollution is not feasible, therefore we must consider what an optimalRead MoreEffects in our Environment and a Christian’s Role in Preserving and Restoring it1088 Words   |  5 Pagesrange of negative affects concerning the environment, and the current condition of our environment. Pollution alone contributes to global warming and public health warning; while deforestation affects our climate, ecological system, and water table cycle. Research that will be provided in this essay will reveal how pollution and deforestation have m any negative impacts on our environment significantly; by identifying effects on the environment endures. We live in a place that provides us with a muchRead MoreThe Western Relationship With Nature1735 Words   |  7 Pagesmost of this essay focuses on the western relationship with nature, it is important to explore the construct of nature in other societies. This avenue is imperative to this essay as many of the environmental and social issues that are present in today’s world are entangled by a certain subset of Western or European set of values denoting how to interact with the environment. These generally center around the notions of ‘development’ and ‘modernity’. Reading widely on the topic, one finds most of theRead MoreDrinking Water Scarcity and Conservation Essay1809 Words   |  8 Pages In  an age when man has forgotten his origins and is blind even to his most essential needs for survival, water along with other resources has become the victim of his indifference.†    --  Rachel Carson -- The water you see around you, flowing freely, sparkling in the noonday sun, quenching your thirst, bathing you, providing you with life is all limited - there is no place on this planet where new water springs up from a source. Water has been recycled by nature over and over againRead MoreEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 Pagesoffprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.  ©1998-2002;  ©2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design ® andRead MoreEssay about Ecofeminism4924 Words   |  20 PagesEcofeminism The first part of this essay will outline the main arguments of the feminist ecologists and deal with the concept of Ecofeminism. The second part will sketch the main arguments of Rosemary Radford Reuther book, Gaia and God. The final part of this essay will analyze: Starhawks The Spiral Dance, Witchcraft as Goddess Religion, The Homeric Hymn to Demeter, and the Descent of Inanna and examine the pros and cons of the position that a return to goddess worship would save ourRead MoreEnvironment: Energy Development and Environmental Problems11602 Words   |  47 PagesPossibility Is it possible to protect the environment when many countries require increasing amounts of energy to progress? 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An Environment can be any scale, including global, regional, local, and even down to single locations, and things like buildings. Often the phrase ‘the environment’ is used to denote the global environment, or a larger regional environment. On a more human level, the environment, the air, water, temperature, and biology of a certain extent of a place are what sustain us, and define the limits of what we can doRead MoreLooking At A Few Of Them3927 Words   |  16 Pagestry to be answered throughout this essay is, how does Hayao Miyazaki use the elements and principles of art to express environmental issues and impacts within his films? Through the use of color, scene composition, and motion, Hayao Miyazaki is able to portray the earth’s natural beauty while also conveying human waste and destruction of the environment and its impacts on all living organisms. Since Miyazaki has done several films with multiple issues, this essay will only be looking at Princess Mononoke

Different Opinions Of People From Non Human Animals And...

In viewing 12 Angry Men, we see face to face exactly what man really is capable of being. We see different views, different opinions of men such as altruism, egoism, good and evil. It is no doubt that human beings possess either one or any of these characteristics, which make them unique. It is safe to say that our actions, beliefs, and choices separate us from animals and non-livings. The 20th century English philosopher, Martin Hollis, once said, â€Å"Free will – the ability to make decisions about how to act – is what distinguishes people from non-human animals and machines 1†. He went to describe human beings as â€Å"self conscious, rational, creative. We can fall in love, write sonnets or plan for tomorrow. We are capable of faith, hope and†¦show more content†¦He summed up human nature as â€Å"existence precedes essence†. In his book, Existentialism and Human Emotions, he explained what he meant by this. â€Å"It means that, first of al l, man exists, turns up, appears on the scene, and, only afterwards, defines himself. If man, as the existentialist conceives him, is indefinable, it is because at first he is nothing. Only afterward will be something, and he himself will have made what he will be 4†. After watching 12 Angry Men, the prominent view on human nature that is best portrayed in the movie is that people are free to be whatever they want because as Sartre said, â€Å"people create themselves every moment of everyday according to the choices they make 5†. Firstly, perhaps the most egoistic man seen in the film would be Juror 3. He is characterized in the movie as a very strong and very forceful, an extremely opinionated man with a streak of sadism 6. He is intolerant of opinions other than his own and is accustomed to forcing his wishes and views upon others 7. He admitted that he would pull the switch on the boy if he had the chance, claiming that the boy is guilty without going over the evidence thoroughly, even when the evidence proves the boy is innocent. Juror 3’s opinion of the boy reflects a personal experience with his own son, who ran away, and he has not seen his son since. Juror 3 used the experience of his own son and

Construction Materials

Questions: As a project engineer, you have been requested to produce a report documenting your selection of an appropriate metal to use to replace an existing beam member that has corroded in a steel frame structure (e. g., beam member on the Story Bridge in Brisbane, Queensland). The metal selected from the candidate metals available in the accompanying spreadsheet (i. e., candidate metals test data) available on UTSOnline needs to have the following three (3) performance characteristics met: i. Ability to deform inelastically when subjected to severe earthquake loads. ii. Ability to resist repeated application of cyclic loads. iii. Ability to resist the highest amount of deflection. 1. Describe the laboratory equipment needed and techniques used to measure each of the metal properties given in the spreadsheet. 2. Describe how the metal properties given in the spreadsheet may be used to determine the desired performance characteristics (i. e., ability to deform inelastically, ability to resist cyclic loads and ability to resist deflection). 3. If you wanted to enhance the mechanical properties of a ductile steel to meet the desired performance characteristics (i. e., ability to deform inelastically, ability to resist cyclic loads and ability to resist deflection) describe the metal composition, heat treatment and strengthening process required to achieve this outcome. 4. On the same graph sketch and label the expected stressà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ strain relationships up to the point of failure for the four (4) metals given in the spreadsheet (i. e., plot the four (4) curves on a single graph). Do not describe the various points, regions and areas just focus on the trends. 5. Use the data provided in the spreadsheet to justify your choice of metal (i. e., metal A, B, C or D) to meet the desired performance characteristics (i. e., ability to deform inelastically, ability to resist cyclic loads and ability to resist deflection). Answers: Introduction The excessive fine to-weight share of steel minimizes the auxiliary weight of superstructures and in this method minimizes the substructure expenditures, which is primarily valuable in poor floor stipulations. Least self-weight is likewise a most important variable in the expense of transporting and taking care of segments. Utilization of steel encourages shallow progress profundities, which overcomes problems with headroom and surge clearances, and minimizes the length and cost of methodology banks. Steel is essentially the most reused progress material and selecting it for extensions speaks to a maintainable administration of normal property. On the point when a metal span achieves the top of its useful life, the braces will also be sliced into cheap sizes to inspire pulverization, and got here back to steelworks for reusing. Someplace in the range of 99% of auxiliary metal either discovers its manner over into the steelmaking method where it's utilized to make new steel objects or is reused. There's no corruption within the execution of reused metal. Then again, section ingredients of steel extensions will also be reused in exceptional constructions; entire scaffolds were moved and scaffolds can also be outlined in view of simplicity of future migration. Metal has expansive engineering possible effects. Metal extensions may also be made to seem mild or reassuringly powerful, and may also be designed to any form or frame. The excessive floor nature of metal makes smooth sharp traces and enables soft loving care. Innovative production approaches can absolutely provide bend in association and upward thrust. The creative production of steelwork presents shading and change, and repainting can trade or revive the presence of the extension. Auxiliary metal is a ultimate material that is swiftly obtainable global in affirmed grades, in outcome of exclusive shapes and sizes. Building of steelwork in controlled manufacturing plant stipulations prompts amazing work as a minimum price. The terrific pleasant control is complete by means of a cautious testing administration on the steel approaches and amid the manufacture systems of chopping and penetrating, social gathering, welding, and shielding medication. The pleasant affirmation that is done must offer simple task to all patrons and designers who indicate steel for his or her scaffold enterprise. Metal fabric is offered in two object shapes 'stage objects' (steel plate and strip) and 'lengthy items' (moved areas, either general open segments, for illustration, shafts, channels, edges, etc or empty segments). For auxiliary use in extensions these gadgets are necessarily cut (to size and shape) and welded, one section to one other. Within the constitution, the fabric is in charge to pliable and compressive powers. General metal for probably the most part reacts in a right away versatile means, up to the 'yield point' and from that point has a noteworthy limit for plastic straining before disappointment. Each these types of ingredients of metal material are used by the architect of a metal span. The alternative of a compatible evaluation of steel for an extension requires an attention to the steel fabricating process, energy about the applicable object instructions and a comprehension of a few properties together with: Product specifications. Material properties. Availability and cost of material. Design requirements. Metal will get its fabric homes from a combo of synthetic structure, mechanical working and warmth healing. The yield great is likely probably the most noteworthy property that the creator must utilize or indicate. The accomplishment of an appropriate yield excellent at the same time keeping up exclusive homes has been the major impetus behind the advancement of leading edge metal making and relocating tactics. S355 metal is transcendently utilized as a part of interstate scaffold purposes, as it's promptly accessible, and for essentially the most section gives the ultimate concord amongst solidness and pleasant. S275 steel is most often utilized on railroad spans, the place firmness as a substitute of quality administers the outline, or where exhaustion is the fundamental configuration case. S420 and S460 steels can offer focal elements the place self-weight is normal or the originator wishes to minimize plate thicknesses. Be that as it may, the utilization of such steels offers no advantages in purposes where weak point, firmness or the insecurity of totally skinny participants is the superseding outline idea. These steels are likewise less rapidly accessible within the UK for plate thicknesses surpassing 50mm. Other mechanical homes of specified importance to the extension planner include flexibility, durability, weldability, and erosion resistance. All normal steels, except for 'weathering steel', have a comparative imperviousness to consumption. In uncovered stipulations they should be secured by a masking framework. There are no distinctive requisites of the metal material for normal overlaying frameworks, including each aluminum and zinc metal shower. Finally, if the metal is to be excited, then there is a must manipulate the combo content material. Weathering metal is a high first-class low composite steel that in suitable instances shapes a follower protective rust 'patina', to restrain extra erosion. The consumption rate is low to the point that scaffolds product of unpainted weathering steel can accomplish a hundred and twenty yr outline existence with simply ostensible aid. Analysis Answer 1 The list of the equipments used is- Universal testing machine Strain gauge Vernier caliper The technique used for the measurement is Uni-axial testing machine i.e. the materials are loaded in the universal testing machine and the diameter, length, and force are measured with precision. One fabric property that is most commonly utilized and perceived is the high-quality of a fabric. Yet, what does "first-rate" imply? "high-quality" can have countless implications, so allow us to investigate what's implied by way of the first-rate of a fabric. We will take a gander at a easy examination that offers lots of data concerning the first-class or the mechanical habits of a material, called the pliable test. The primary notion of a pliable scan is to put a specimen of a material between two apparatuses known as "holds" which brace the material. The fabric has identified measurements, just like length and move-sectional range. We then to apply weight to the material held towards one facet at the same time the flip part is settled. We continue increasing the load while in the meantime measuring the adjustment long of the specimen. On the off chance that you've a process to hold one finish of some material from a powerful factor that does not transfer, then you could cling weights on the flip facet. Measure the adjustment long while together with weight unless the section starts to extend lastly breaks. The aftereffect of this scan is a chart of burden versus uprooting. When you consider that the measure of weight expected to lengthen the material relies on upon the extent of the fabric, correlation between materials can be tremendously checking out. The potential to make an suitable examin ation will also be critical to somebody outlining for normal applications where the material ought to stand up to special strengths. Answer 2 The material properties analyzed gives the values for the fracture force, elongation, compression, the maximum load etc. these vales defines the nature and behavior of the material when subjected to the loading. Also the curves for the materials shows the behavior of the material i.e. either the material is ductile or tensile based on the curve shape and these curves defines the ability to deform in elastically, ability to resist cyclic loading, and ability to resist deflection. One material property that is most as a rule used and saw is the excessive caliber of a fabric. Nevertheless, what does "superb" infer? "High caliber" can have innumerable ramifications, so permit us to study what's inferred via approach for the remarkable of a fabric. We will seem at a simple examination that presents numerous expertise related to the highest of the line or the mechanical propensities for a material, referred to as the malleable test. The most important suggestion of a flexible output is to put an instance of a material between two mechanical assemblies often called "holds" which help the material. The fabric has famous estimations, much the equal as size and move-sectional extent. We then to use weight to the fabric held closer to one feature in the meantime the flip section is settled. We keep expanding the heap (more most of the time than no longer alluded to as the shop or urge) whilst meanwhile measuring the conformity lengthy of the instance. The delayed end result of this output is a diagram of weight versus evacuating. For the reason that the measure of weight predicted that would protract the fabric depends upon the degree of the fabric (and absolutely the homes of the material), relationship between's substances may also be tremendously watching at. The likelihood to make an correct examination will likewise be normal to a few man or woman laying out for common functions where the fabric should confront uncommon features. One material property that's most often used and noticed is the excessive caliber of a material. However, what does "brilliant" recommend? "high caliber" can have incalculable ramifications, so permit us to research what's prompt by means of process for the great of a material. We can appear at a simple examination that offers heaps of know-how related to the amazing or the mechanical propensities for a fabric, known as the bendy test. The major notion of a malleable sweep is to position an illustration of a fabric between two mechanical assemblies known as "holds" which aid the material. The material has famous estimations, much the equal as length and transfer-sectional reach. We then to use weight to the fabric held closer to one characteristic meanwhile the flip phase is settled. We keep increasing the heap (more commonly alluded to as the shop or propel) whilst meanwhile measuring the alteration long of the example. Should you've a procedure to keep one completion of some fabric from a equipped variable that does not trade, then you definitely would stick weights on the flip feature. Measure the trade lengthy at the same time at the side of weight except the field starts off evolved to reinforce finally breaks. Answer 3 The properties of the material like ductility can be increased by the heat treatment of the material i.e. by the Annealing process. Strengthening a metallic reestablishes it to its pre-frosty worked state, whereupon, the metal can also be subjected to extra icy working. Amid the tempering approach, metallurgical alterations occur within the metal that results in a lower of the metallic's yield excellent and a diffusion in its malleability. All collectively for these progressions to occur the steel have to be warmed over its recrystallization temperature, which depends on upon the synthesis of the steel. The strengthening procedure is one of the vital time referred to as a recrystallization toughen, however distinct names like method mood are moreover utilized. Amid a recrystallization toughen new grains structure within the metal. The final grain measurement relies on upon the strengthening temperature and toughening time. For a specified toughening time, as the temperature builds th e grain measurement increments. A distinctive combo with better grains has cut back nice and more flexibility than the identical amalgam with littler grains. Answer 4 The stress strain relationship for the materials can be explained as- Figure A: The material stress strain relationship Figure B: Stress strain relationship Figure C: Stress strain relationship Figure D: Stress strain relationship In the above four figures the stress strain relationship diagram is shown and in all the stress is directly proportional to the stress up-to the elastic point, and after that the plastics region does not possess this property. For material of the curve A and C are ductile whereas the materials of the curve B and D are brittle. The maximum stress is for the material of the curve C whereas the maximum strain is for the material of the curve B which possesses the elastic behavior for a higher range. Answer 5 To meet the desired properties the material of the curve C is the best material as this material has the highest fracture force and thus the highest stress among the given materials. The elongation is also good for this material as compared to the other materials except the material of the curve B. Conclusion After comparison all the curves for the all for materials A, B, C and D the material C is the best suitable material as compared to the other materials. The fracture stress is best for the material C as compared to the other materials. As the material of the curve C is ductile thus also has makes an additional advantage and therefore can be selected as the preferred material. References Adhikari, R., Moselhi, O. and Bagchi, A. (2014). Image-based retrieval of concrete crack properties for bridge inspection. Automation in Construction, 39, pp.180-194. Adhikary, B. and Mutsuyoshi, H. (2002). Numerical simulation of steel-plate strengthened concrete beam by a non-linear finite element method model. Construction and Building Materials, 16(5), pp.291-301. Adhikary, B., Mutsuyoshi, H. and Sano, M. (2000). Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using steel plates bonded on beam web: experiments and analysis. Construction and Building Materials, 14(5), pp.237-244. Bae, S., Jang, W., Woo, S. and Shin, D. (2013). Prediction of WSN placement for bridge health monitoring based on material characteristics. Automation in Construction, 35, pp.18-27. Bennegadi, M., Sereir, Z. and Amziane, S. (2013). 3D nonlinear finite element model for the volume optimization of a RC beam externally reinforced with a HFRP plate. Construction and Building Materials, 38, pp.1152-1160. Capozucca, R. and Nilde Cerri, M. (2002). Static and dynamic behaviour of RC beam model strengthened by CFRP-sheets. Construction and Building Materials, 16(2), pp.91-99. Czaderski, C., Hahnebach, B. and Motavalli, M. (2006). RC beam with variable stiffness and strength. Construction and Building Materials, 20(9), pp.824-833. Gesualdo, F., Cunha, T. and Rezende, R. (2014). Numerical and experimental evaluation of a double inverted trussed beam reinforced with steel cable. Construction and Building Materials, 50, pp.736-743. Hadi, M. and Tran, T. (2014). Retrofitting nonseismically detailed exterior beamcolumn joints using concrete covers together with CFRP jacket. Construction and Building Materials, 63, pp.161-173. Liu, Y. and Peng, P. (2013). Material Properties of Bridge Deck Dedicated Interface Agent and Key Construction Techniques. AMR, 724-725, pp.1514-1519. Realfonzo, R., Napoli, A. and Pinilla, J. (2014). Cyclic behavior of RC beam-column joints strengthened with FRP systems. Construction and Building Materials, 54, pp.282-297. Schmitt, T. and Darwin, D. (1999). Effect of Material Properties on Cracking in Bridge Decks. J. Bridge Eng., 4(1), pp.8-13. Singh, V., Bansal, P., Kumar, M. and Kaushik, S. (2014). Experimental studies on strength and ductility of CFRP jacketed reinforced concrete beam-column joints. Construction and Building Materials, 55, pp.194-201. Stratford, T. and Cadei, J. (2006). Elastic analysis of adhesion stresses for the design of a strengthening plate bonded to a beam. Construction and Building Materials, 20(1-2), pp.34-45. Thomas, S., Woodward, P. and Laghrouche, O. (2015). Influence of stiffening ballasted track bed overlying a masonry arch bridge using a polyurethane polymer material. Construction and Building Materials, 92, pp.111-117. Ward, R. and Li, V. (1991). Dependence of flexural behaviour of fibre reinforced mortar on material fracture resistance and beam size. Construction and Building Materials, 5(3), pp.151-161. Yen, J. and Chien, H. (2010). Steel plates rehabilitated RC beamcolumn joints subjected to vertical cyclic loads. Construction and Building Materials, 24(3), pp.332-339. Yin, A., Yang, X., Zeng, G. and Gao, H. (2014). Fracture simulation of pre-cracked heterogeneous asphalt mixture beam with movable three-point bending load. Construction and Building Materials, 65, pp.232-242. Zeng, G., Yang, X., Yin, A. and Bai, F. (2014). Simulation of damage evolution and crack propagation in three-point bending pre-cracked asphalt mixture beam. Construction and Building Materials, 55, pp.323-332. Zhu, W. and Franois, R. (2014). Corrosion of the reinforcement and its influence on the residual structural performance of a 26-year-old corroded RC beam. Construction and Building Materials, 51, pp.461-472.

Women and Christianity an Example by

Women and Christianity Literature does not provide sufficient information about the role women played in Early Christian Communities. According to Fisher, the age of Early Christianity was marked with the increasing role of women as missionaries. There are no specific details as for the way women were spreading Gospel across Israel, but one thing is known for sure: women's homes were used as the first Christian platforms to pray and worship (Fisher, 2007, 195). Jewish tradition always positioned a woman and her home as a sacred social territory. A woman was traditionally considered the central element of that social territory. This is why in Early Christian Israel women played a central role in Christian worship. In its turn, the Greco-Roman world offered even more religious opportunities to women: due to financial and social independence, women could sponsor worship and religious meetings at their homes (Fisher, 2007, 195). The discussed economic independence had turned Hellenistic women into real leaders of religions other than Christian (Fisher, 2007, 195); this is why Greco-Roman women were able to transfer their leadership qualities to other Christian domains. Need essay sample on "Women and Christianity" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed University Students Frequently Tell Us: Who wants to write paper for me? Professional writers propose: Buy Essays Cheap Buy College Papers Online Pay To Get Essays Written Top Essay Writing Company With time, the roles of women in religion have been substantially limited. Fisher is very objective when she refers to the gradual process of women losing their leading positions in religion as "subsequent subordination of women". For several long centuries, the church had been weighing the pros and cons of female religious leadership and participation. Finally, Paul has undertaken the decisive step to limit the egalitarian practices in church (Fisher, 2007, 196). The institutionalization of Christian church has become the turning point in depriving women of their religious powers. The institutionalization has strengthened the dominance of cultural norms in religion. Those norms required continuous and never-changing subordination of women in all social domains. Paul's letters shed the light onto the process in which women were moved to other, less meaningful positions in Christianity. Marriage and religious behavior in church were the central topics of religious and social debate at that time. Although Paul was not against marriage, he voted against female sexuality manifestation beyond marriage (Fisher, 2007, 196). According to Bible, a woman was the last to be created by God, and those Biblical provisions were re-interpreted to bring women further down the religious ladder (Fisher, 2007, 197). A woman had to take a position submissive to men without any right to congregate in church (Fisher, 2007, 197). The continuous institutionalization has brought church officials to power; they have undertaken the leadership and teaching roles, and took the major religious decisions. As a result of that religious restructuring, women were given a chance to serve as deaconesses, but their religious functions were severely limited and controlled (Fisher , 2007, 199). Surprisingly or not, but the subsequent subordination did not stop women from worshipping. The early Christian years and the middle Ages were marked by constant appearance of new religious female leaders and female Christian teachers. In her article, Fisher (2007) emphasizes the three major roles which religious women were seeking to fulfill in Christianity martyrs, saints, and ascetics (200). Although church was trying to make women religiously powerless, further institutionalization has proved female courage and strong leadership under the pressure of the changing religious standards. Martyrs were not rare at that time; for a woman to die for faith meant to reach heaven and prove unchangeable loyalty to God. Ascetics were no less important than martyrs. Ascetic women devoted themselves to prayer and gave away everything they had to church (Fisher, 2007, 202). In distinction from men, women were searching more active social roles in promoting Christianity: they tended to re-interpr et the main religious provisions, and to expand them beyond traditional theoretical approaches. They were later called "mystics"; many of them were also beatified (Fisher, 2007, 202). Mystics have given rise to a new form of non-conventional religious worship. Female mystics formed economically independent small religious communities, without being involved into permanent vows, but still practicing celibacy and religious loyalty (Fisher, 2007, 203). Here, one logical question arises. It is not clear, on what grounds the church granted women with beatification. Taking into account the subsequent subordination of women about which Fisher writes, it is still an enigma how women could earn official recognition and gratification from church. Another question arises in connection with the fact that the church has quietly given the rise to some female as well as male saints (Fisher, 2007, 209). Does that mean that patriarchal pillars on which Christianity rests are not as strong as church tries to present them? The answer to this question is yet unknown. Simultaneously, as more and more women prove their loyalty to church through self-sacrifice, the range of their institutional roles gradually broadens, changing the image of church as predominantly male domain. BIBLIOGRAPHY Fisher, Mary Pat. Women in Early Christian Communities. In Women in Religion, edited by M.P. Fisher, 195. Pearson / Longman, 2007. Fisher, Mary Pat. Subsequent Subordination of Women. In Women in Religion, edited by M.P. Fisher, 197-200. Pearson / Longman, 2007. Fisher, Mary Pat. Martyrs, Saints, and Ascetics. In Women in Religion, edited by M.P. Fisher, 200-209. Pearson / Longman, 2007.

Good to Be Back!

Good to Be Back! Good to Be Back! Good to Be Back! By Maeve Maddox Im sure no one noticed, but Ive been away from my desk for the past fortnight. Although I didnt touch a computer keyboard during that time, language was very much on my mind as I toured Sicily in the company of 15 other English-speakers. The countries represented among us were England (London and Yorkshire), Australia, South Africa, and the United States (New York, California, North Carolina, and Arkansas). The accents were splendidly varied, butthanks to standard grammar and vocabularycommunication was not a problem. On this first day back Id like to add a couple of postscripts to two of the articles that appeared while I was away. Principal Parts of the Verb to fit In this article I wrote that fit/fit/fitted are the principal parts of the verb in British usage. Reader Peter set me straight: Make that fit, fitted, (have) fitted. One of my English traveling companions said that fit might be heard as the simple past, but the occurence would be rare and it would sound very old-fashioned. You Too Can Sponsor A Word Thanks to everyone who pounced on the spelling in the Online Etymology Dictionary article. Although miniscule has its defenders, you wont find it in the OEtyD. Ive gone back and changed it to minuscule. One of the delights of my trip was the privilege of listening to the musical English of numerous Italian guides. My admiration for their linguistic skill is profound. Listening to them I became aware of some ESL traps that are probably worth a future post or two. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'ts20 Rules About Subject-Verb Agreement45 Idioms with "Roll"

Critic On Huckleberry Finn Essays - Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn

Critic On Huckleberry Finn Essays - Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Critic On Huckleberry Finn I felt that this novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain is appropriate and necessary to illustrate the attitudes of pre-Civil war Americans. To me, this book just shows the life of two runaway people and their life along the Mississippi River. The first time I read this book, I really did not realize that Mark Twain was discriminating blacks. I think that the NCAAP is too worried about literature. Mark Twain probably wrote this book and used terms such as the N- word to show realism in his book. The way Mark Twain puts the book together combined with his way of speech makes the book sound so real that you could confuse it with a autobiography of a little child named Huck. The book Huckleberry Finn was written about a time between 1835s-50s. This meant that during Huck's time, slavery was still around and most whites during this time do not like blacks. The N- word just literally show us what white people think of blacks at that time. They use this wor! d to verbally express their feelings. However, I am not trying to say that Huck calls Jim a N- because he does not like him. He probably picked it up from other people (adults). Besides this "vulgarity" as An Lew has put it, this book in my eyes is a perfectly good reading book for young people. It is exciting, adventurous, and realistic. Most of the N- words are used by Huck and as you see of their relationship together, you know that Huck does not mean it in a bad way. Since this word was used and passed around for quite some time, Huck must have picked it up from someone and is using it sort of as a slang for African Americans. They are messing with one of the greatest and most famous writers around. I don't think this book is very prejudice at all. . . it is just very expressionable.

Central American Migration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Central American Migration - Essay Example Due to social and economic pressures, the United States government and some of her people opposed the entry of Central Americans to the United States through various policies. This led to new immigrants fleeing war experiencing economic and other social problems although they contributed immensely to the economy. Central American Migration War, persecution, and violence in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua due to political upheavals spurred the mass migration of their citizens into the United States (Gutierrez 188). The migration occurred in phases with the elites fleeing first followed by professionals and the middle class and lastly, the poor working class. Nicaraguan migrants went to the US in three waves with the first consisting of the overthrown Somoza family and their associates, wealthy business peoples and members of the National guard in 1970s followed by the middle class professionals and business people in the 1980s and lastly, the poor workers and young men escaping recruitment in the contra war (Gutierrez 195). Their flight, unlike the Cubans, was not welcome by the American government who classified them as illegal aliens and used varied ways to try to stop their entry into United States. Even after conditions improved in their home countries, many Central Americans did not return home due to a variety of reasons. The end of hostilities did not improve their security at home. In Nicaragua, former contras and fragments of Sandinista army continued to fight especially in rural areas. In El Salvador and Guatemala death squads and vigilante groups also operated (Gutierrez 196). This coupled with increased crime rates reduced the number of immigrants willing to return home and led to many more Central Americans migrating to United States. Depending on their social economic status, Central Americans used several strategies to survive in the harsh United States. Wealthy immigrants used their economic resources and business connections to buy assets in the United States on which they lived comfortably. Many exiles including the Somoza family transferred their assets to Miami banks in the late 1970s, and they moved into fashionable residences in key Biscayne and Brickell Avenue where they invested heavily on condominiums in the suburban western edge of the city (Portes and Stepick 227). These were later to be sold to Nicaraguan professionals and business people during the second wave of migration. This group experienced tough economic hardships on United States soil, and the majority worked in unskilled trades to earn a daily living due to the uncertain future. The professionals gradually moved into their fields of work and some steadily advanced in a professional capacity because of prior work experience in their country of origin. Professionals used existing friendships with Cuban Americans, developed in school, to get financing to start their own businesses (Portes and Stepick 153). The peasants and Nicaragua workers migrated chiefly due to war and economic hardships brought about by war. Nicaraguan peasants and workers migrated because of the United States sponsored contra war. They became unskilled laborers in the host country. The United States could now access cheap labor easily, a thing that impacted positively on her economic growth. The resolution by the US to pigeonhole Nicaraguan immigrant’s illegal aliens exposed them to very many challenges because they did not receive any benefits